Niacinamide
Regulates oil, reduces pores, fades dark spots and strengthens the barrier.
What the evidence says
One of the most studied actives; effective at 2–5%. Multiple human trials.
How to use it
Morning and night, on clean skin, before moisturizer. It's one of the best-tolerated actives out there: no photosensitivity, no adjustment period. Consistency (weeks, not days) is what delivers results on pores and spots.
What it pairs with
Pairs with practically everything: retinoids (it reduces their irritation), vitamin C, hyaluronic acid and exfoliants. It's the ideal "bridge" active to build a routine around.
Frequently asked questions
What does niacinamide do?
It's a form of vitamin B3 with four well-documented effects: it regulates sebum production, reduces the look of pores, fades dark spots and strengthens the skin barrier (boosting ceramide synthesis). That's why it appears in so many K-beauty serums and toners.
What percentage of niacinamide is best?
The clinical studies were mostly done at 2–5%, and that's where the evidence is. 10–20% concentrations are marketing: there's no proof they add benefit, but they do add risk of irritation and flushing.
Can I combine niacinamide with vitamin C?
Yes. The supposed incompatibility is a myth based on outdated lab conditions. With modern formulas they can be used together — in fact many brands combine them in the same product to target spots and tone.
